Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu, ISSN 2303-6990 on-line

Riječ urednika / Foreword

Mehmed Kardaš — 2025-11-19

Foreword.

Impressum

Editorial — 2025-11-19

Impressum.

Kontakt podaci autora / Authors details

Editorial — 2025-11-19

Author details.

NEOLOGIZMY A NEOLOGIZÁCIA V LINGVISTICKEJ REFLEXII

Enisa Bajraktarević — 2025-11-19

Book review: Ološtiak, Martin (2023). Neologizmy a neologizácia v lingvistickej reflexii. [online] Prešov: Univerzitná knižnica. Available at: <https://www.pulib.sk/web/kniznica/elpub/dokument/Olostiak27>.

REKLAMA KAKVA NIKAD NIJE BILA

Elma Durmišević — 2025-11-19

Book review: Bagić, K., Stilistika reklame, Zagreb: Ljevak, 2025, 197 str.

O HUMORU – TEORIJSKI I PRAKTIČNO

Hena Jusić — 2025-11-19

Book review: Đuliman, Selma; Sadiković, Amira, 2024. O humoru – teorijski i praktično. Sarajevo: Slavistički komitet.

POLIFUNKCIONALNOST KAO PRINCIP / POLYFUNCTIONALITY AS A PRINCIPLE

Elma Dizdar — 2025-11-19

Lexeme ḥattā, as a member of several closed parts-of-speech classes in Arabic, received due attention in Arabic grammatical description throughout the time span from the era of classical Arabic until the present day. The content of the grammatical description of this lexeme, however, is in stark contrast to the attention it has received in the literature. Thus, the description of the meaning and usage of the preposition ḥattā, from which other functions of this polyfunctional lexeme have developed, is largely harmonized, while the analysis of its other functions, plagued by inconsistencies and contradictory statements, remains far from being comprehensive and systematic. The syntactic functions of lexeme ḥattā are the rein mentioned only rarely and sporadically, lacking a systematic analysis. The refore, the main goal of this paper is the analysis of various syntactic functions that lexeme ḥattā can take in the Arabic sentence. The analysis is based on the analytical-descriptive method and the typological-functional approach. Its results show that lexeme ḥattā covers a wide spectrum of syntactic functions in Modern Standard Arabic, ranging from preposition with dimensional (time and space) and non-dimensional meanings, via adverb used for emphasis before phrases and sentences, and subordinating conjunction introducing adverbial clauses of time, purpose and result, to correlative particle used in time clauses with the meaning of immediate succession. In addition to providing a systematic description of the various functions of lexeme ḥattā, the analysis presented in the paper also con tributes to expanding of the description of its individual functions, as well as de monstrates the important role that lexeme ḥattā plays in enriching the inventory of means of stylistic choice in Arabic.

NEFONEMSKI GLASNIK /ǝ/ KAO ELEMENT GOVORNE DISFLUENTNOSTI / NON-PHONEMIC SOUND /ǝ/ AS AN ELEMENT OF SPEECH DISFLUENCY

Damir Horga — 2025-11-19

The process of speech production is very complex because conceptual content must be transformed in a language form and articulated in a physical, primarily acoustic signal which can activate sensory abilities of a listener, who will use the physical speech signal to discover the meaning initiated by the entire communi cative process. Since the productive and perceptual abilities of people are coordi nated and enable an efficient communication and exchange of information, the speaker tries to produce a fluent speech. However, because of the complexity of speech communication and biological imperfection of humans, it is only natural for speech to sometimes contain certain disfluencies. The non-phonemic sound /ǝ/ is one such example. This research encompassed 20 subjects who were inter viewed on the Zagreb Radio’s Prvi program [First Programme] and Omladinski radio [Youth Radio]. The analysis contained 200 seconds of speech per partici pant, deemed as formal in Prvi program and informal in Omladinski radio, and was conducted through the Praat computer programme for speech analysis. The research indicated a significant difference in the number of occurrences of the non-phonemic sound, appearing 147 times in formal and 330 times in informal speech. The average duration of the sound production shows no significant dif ference: 0.354 s in formal and 0.316 s in informal speech. The difference in the number of occurrences was statistically significant and the difference in the aver age duration was not.

ISKUSTVA IMIGRANATA U SLOVENIJI I U UČENJU SLOVENSKOG KAO DRUGOG I STRANOG JEZIKA / EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANTS IN SLOVENIA AND IN LEARNING SLOVENIAN AS A SECOND AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Erika Kum — 2025-11-19

This article explores the experiences of adult immigrants in Slovenia with lear ning and using the Slovene language, as well as their broader process of social integration. Based on a qualitative study conducted with ten participants from South Slavic countries, the paper analyses their personal narratives of living in Slovenia. The findings indicate that while immigrants generally express satisfacti on with their life in the host country, they also report numerous challenges related to bureaucratic procedures, language barriers, and feelings of loneliness and so cial isolation. The Slovene language occupies a central place in their accounts: on the one hand, it represents a key requirement for handling formal procedures and accessing the labour market, while, on the other hand, it often hinders everyday communication, as Slovene speakers tend to switch quickly to Serbo-Croatian due to linguistic proximity. Such practices slow down language acquisition and reduce the immigrants’ motivation to use Slovene in real-life contexts. Although partici pants have largely had positive experiences with Slovene language courses, which provided not only linguistic skills but also opportunities for social contact and support in administrative matters, they emphasized difficulties in applying the language outside the classroom. The comparison with existing literature confirms that language learning is a crucial factor in integration, while also highlighting the importance of research that captures immigrants’ personal experiences. Such studies provide insights that help design more responsive policies, recognizing integration as a reciprocal process between immigrants and the host society. The paper concludes with a recommendation that future policies should focus not only on formal language instruction but also on creating opportunities for its acti ve use in everyday life and on fostering broader social inclusion.

SECOND LANGUAGE PROCESSING OF ASPECTUAL VIOLATIONS IN ENGLISH / PROCESIRANJE NEGRAMATIČNIH OBLIKA GLAGOLSKOG VIDA U ENGLESKOM KAO STRANOM JEZIKU

Minela Majstorić — 2025-11-19

Grammatical aspect informs us about the internal temporal contours of a situa tion. In other words, aspect provides information as to how the verbal action is to be regarded, whether it is complete, continuous, or iterative. Bosnian grammati calizes the binary system characteristic of Slavic languages that entails that verbs are marked for the perfective or the imperfective aspect. English, on the other hand, grammaticalizes the perfect and the progressive, which do not entirely cor respond to the perfective/imperfective aspectual opposition. Grammatical aspect is an obligatory category in Bosnian, whilst in English, verbs need not be mor phologically marked for aspect. Expectedly, studies report different processing patterns in sentences with aspectual violations in these two languages. It has been shown that native speakers of English do not show electrophysiological responses to violations of aspect, while native speakers of Bosnian show a clear sensitivity to aspectual violations immediately at the verb. Even though they detect aspectual violations already at the point of the verb in Bosnian, their L1, in this study we investigate whether university students of English process aspectual violations in English, their L2. More precisely, we conducted a self-paced reading study to ex plore whether Bosnian university students of English detect aspectual violations at the position of the verb or in adjacent positions during incremental sentence processing. Our results are in line with the previous findings on L1 processing of English aspect – English aspectual violations are not detected online during sen tence comprehension in L2 processing. However, there is an important difference. Unlike native speakers of English, Bosnian university students of English do not detect aspectual violations even after the sentence has been processed. Such re sults provide evidence for the Shallow Structure Hypothesis in L2 processing. We, therefore, compare our findings with other studies on grammatical aspect, con trast L1 and L2 processing, and discuss English and Bosnian grammatical aspect.

ADMINISTRATIVIZMI U STANDARDNOM BOSANSKOM JEZIKU / ADMINISTRATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN THE STANDARD BOSNIAN LANGUAGE

Emira Mešanović-Meša — 2025-11-19

Contemporary linguistic research has increasingly focused on the administrative functional style, its substyles, nature and peculiarities, shortcomings and flaws, as well as influences on other styles. Numerous works dealing with this topic from different aspects have been published. Here, we are referring primarily to works from Croatian and Serbian studies, and in order to point out the importance of dealing with this style in Bosnian studies as well and to encourage the develop ment of Bosnian research in this direction, we dedicate this work to an important characteristic of the administrative style – administrative expressions. Adminis trative expressions – lexemes, constructions and phrases – are typical features of the administrative style and are used in its genres. In order to determine adminis trative expressions in the Bosnian language and confirm their status, it is first nec essary to gain insight into the lexicographical manuals of the Bosnian language in order to understand the relationship of these normative manuals to the lexemes and expressions that are recognized as units characteristic of the administrative style of the Bosnian language, which is also the main goal of this work. Since Rječnik bosanskoga jezika [The Bosnian Language Dictionary] (Halilović – Palić – Šehović, 2010) also has a normative assessment of the included units, we deem appropriate to begin this type of analysis with the content of this dictionary, while the other Bosnain language dictionaries, namely, Rječnik bosanskog jezika (Čedić et al., 2007) and the multi-volume Rječnik bosanskog jezika (Jahić, 2010–2024) served for additional comparison and consultation.

STEREOTIPNI IDEALI FIZIČKE LJEPOTE I MLADOLIKOSTI ŽENE U FRAZEMAMA GOVORA ROŽAJA / STEREOTYPICAL IDEALS OF FEMALE PHYSICAL BEAUTY AND YOUTH IN THE PHRASES OF ROŽAJE SPEECH

Dženisa Mujević — 2025-11-19

Every culture has constructed interpretative patterns, modified over time, which serve as means to represent the world. Language is used as a mechanism in the preservation of the collective imaginary. Patterns of a cultural model reflect on the language, and in this paper they will be analysed on the corpus of phraseological units, using the methodology of linguistic and cultural research. The paper will study the relationship between language, culture and society through the analysis of stereotypical ideals of physical beauty and youthfulness of women, preserved in the collective imaginary and transferred into phraseology, a cultural phenome non. The research corpus consists of forty-eight idioms recorded in the speech of Rožaje. The aim of this research is to identify stereotypical ideals of physical beauty and youthfulness of women in the gender-marked phrases of Rožaje spee ch, to determine the extent to which they are present and to draw conclusions about the criteria for evaluating physical beauty and youthfulness of women set by culture, tradition and society, as well as to determine what is implicitly/explicitly evaluated as positive/negative. Our goal is also to study the way in which aspects of a culture – tradition, customs, beliefs, stereotypes and prejudices influence the formation of phraseology, hence, we will observe idioms in the widest context. The hypothesis of this paper is that stereotypical ideals about the physical beauty and youthfulness of women, based on aesthetic criteria, are rooted in the gende red phraseology of the language. In the paper, we concluded which criteria are key in assessing a woman’s physical appearance. The analysis showed that idioms perpetuate stereotypes, reflecting the established cultural and social patterns. Stereotypical ideals of physical beauty and youthfulness of women recorded in idioms show what was considered desirable and what was undesirable. This work can contribute to the research of stereotypes in phraseology and the relationship between language and culture in the Montenegrin, Bosnian and wider South Sla vic context.

UPOREDNI PRIKAZ DISTRIBUCIJE MODALNIH GLAGOLA U BRITANSKIM PRAVNIM AKTIMA I PRAVNIM AKTIMA EVROPSKE UNIJE / A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MODAL VERBS IN BRITISH LEGAL ACTS AND LEGAL ACTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

Melisa Okičić — 2025-11-19

The English language used in the institutions of the European Union (EU) orig inates from the British variety, given that the United Kingdom (UK) was a full member of the EU from 1973 until 2020. As a result of this historical context, EU institutions considered the British variety their standard form of English up until Brexit (2020), after which this standard evolved into an Irish-British variety. It is important to highlight the use of the adjective “British,” as it can lead to the mis taken assumption that authentic British English is used within EU institutions–an assumption that is inaccurate, especially regarding the distribution of the modal verb shall, also known as “legal shall.” This paper offers a comparative overview of the distribution of modal verbs in British legal acts and EU legal acts, with a focus on shall, must, and may. Since Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is currently undergoing the process of European integration, the aim of this paper is to draw the attention of students–future translators–as well as anyone interested in this register, to certain distinctive features in the distribution of modal verbs in EU and British legal texts.

O UČTIVOSTI U PERZIJSKOM, JAPANSKOM, KOREJSKOM, FRANCUSKOM I BOSANSKOM JEZIKU / ON POLITENESS IN PERSIAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, FRENCH AND BOSNIAN

Alma Sokolija — 2025-11-19

All languages of the world have a category of politeness that makes an integral part of everyday interactions; it is present in language, good manners, behaviour, characterizing both verbal and nonverbal communication. If we compare linguis tic forms of politeness in languages, we can see that they vary between languages and are culturally and socially conditioned. We start from a hypothesis, similar to the Sapir-Whorf’s theory of linguistic relativity, that, although the phenome non of politeness is universal, there are languages whose structure allows easier expression of politeness. The richer the politeness repertoire in a language, the easier it is to express it linguistically in that language. Examples of such languages are Persian, Japanese and Korean. Of course, this does not mean that there are no forms of politeness in other languages, and therefore we have chosen French and Bosnian as examples. After a short theoretical introduction on the concept of po liteness in language(s), this paper primarily deals with illustrations of expressing politeness in these languages.

O UPORABI ADITIVNIH KONEKTORA U NJEMAČKOM I ENGLESKOM KAO STRANIM JEZICIMA / ON THE USE OF ADDITIVE CONNECTIVES IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Ivana Šarić Šokčević — 2025-11-19

One of the main goals of foreign language instruction is the development of writing skills. In order for texts in a foreign language to be written clearly and appropria tely, it is necessary to master the various ways in which cohesive devices are used. Explicit cohesive devices include coordinating conjunctions, subordinating co njunctions and adverbial connectors. Previous research has shown that the use of connectives in second language (L2) writing is characterized by limited variation, often accompanied by overuse, underuse, or inappropriate use of specific conne ctives (e.g., Granger & Tyson, 1996; Bagarić Medve & Pavičić Takač, 2013; Pon & Kramarić, 2017; Breindl, 2018; Maamuujav et al., 2021; Bagarić Medve & Karlak, 2023; Pon, 2024; Karlak & Šarić Šokčević, 2024a). Studies also show that additive connectives are the most frequently used type in texts written by learners of Ger man and English as foreign languages (e.g., Mihaljević Djigunović & Vickov, 2010; Mohamed-Sayidina, 2010; Muddhi & Hussein, 2014; Breindl, 2016; Pon & Krama rić, 2017; Bagarić Medve & Karlak, 2023; Karlak & Šarić Šokčević, 2024a). The aim of this study is to analyze how Croatian students of German and English express additive semantic relations between sentences and to identify which connectives they use most frequently, as well as the types of errors they make. The corpus com prises a total of 120 argumentative essays, 60 of which constitute the German L2 subcorpus and 60 the English L2 subcorpus, all written at the B2 level according to the CEFR. The results show that German studies students use additive connectives in argumentative writing more frequently than English studies students, while also making considerably more errors, especially syntactic ones.

DIJALEKTNA STILIZACIJA U ISAKOVIĆEVOJ HASANAGINICI / DIALECTAL STYLIZATION IN ALIJA ISAKOVIĆ’S HASANAGINICA

Silvana Vranić — 2025-11-19

This paper examines the linguistic features of Alija Isaković’s Hasanaginica which, according to dialectological research – primarily the classifications of Herzego vinian dialects (Peco, 2007a; 2007b) – may be identified as stylized vernacular elements. Although some studies on the drama attribute these features to the influence of “spoken language” (Hadžiefendić-Parić, 2019, p. 179), this analy sis, conducted within dialectological parameters, seeks to determine whether such linguistic traits – shaped chiefly by the spatial and temporal setting of the play, as well as by the cultural and social background of its protagonists – can be associated with a single type of the aforementioned dialects. The study concludes that these vernacular elements elude strict classification, and that through their incorporation – alongside other dramaturgical devices – A. Isaković, as he himself notes in the introduction to his play, “sought to approximate the lived realities, morals, and language of this ballad” (Isaković, 2024, p. 139).

AUTOIRONIJA I FIGURA PJESNIKA U HORACIJEVIM SATIRAMA / SELF-IRONY AND THE FIGURE OF THE POET IN HORACE’S SATIRES

Drago Župarić — 2025-11-19

This paper examines self-irony as a central rhetorical and poetic strategy in Satires by Quintus Horatius Flaccus, emphasizing its role in shaping the poet’s literary persona within the context of late Roman republic. Unlike Lucilius’ polemical and confrontational satire, Horace develops a more intimate and self-reflective dis course, using irony to expose his own weaknesses, social status, and poetic limitations. Through paradox, self-deprecation, and humour, Horace creates a sense of closeness with his audience while avoiding the stance of a moral absolutist. His poetic persona fluctuates between that of a philosophical teacher and a modest observer, allowing for social critique without pedantry. Engaging intertextually with Roman comedy, Greek diatribe, and Lucilian satire, Horace constructs a poetics of “modest satire” grounded in measure, humility, and authentic self-reflection. Self-irony also functions as a social strategy, enabling the poet to navigate between loyalty to Maecenas and Augustus and the preservation of his literary autonomy. Through ironic self-presentation, Horace redefines poetic authority – not as a dogmatic judge but as a human figure who teaches by acknowledging his own limitations. This complex and ambivalent poetic identity contributes significantly to the lasting influence of Horace’s Satires within the Western satirical tradition.

THEORIZING WAR / TEORETIZIRANJE RATA

Adem Olovčić — 2025-11-19

The nature and impact of war have been pivotal in shaping human history, inci ting significant debate across various social sciences, including international rela tions. War is a catalyst for massive human casualties, displacement, institutional changes, and ideological shifts. This paper explores the multifaceted dimensions of war, tracing its definitions, origins, conduct, and prevention methods through different theoretical lenses such as realism and liberalism provide foundational insights into the causes and dynamics of warfare, focusing on power structures and liberal institutions, respectively. In contrast, constructivism and complexity theories offer novel perspectives, emphasizing the social construction of war and the interconnectedness of systems. The study underscores the evolving nature of warfare, from clearly defined historical conflicts to contemporary ‘new wars’ cha racterized by blurred lines between actors, aims, and outcomes. It also highlights the political and administrative nuances in defining and categorizing conflicts, as seen in the terminological variations used by international bodies and state actors. Through a comparative analysis, the paper examines the strengths and limitations of these theories in explaining modern warfare, advocating for interdisciplinary approaches and context-specific understanding. The conclusion suggests that while traditional theories provide a robust framework, emerging perspectives like constructivism and complexity theory are crucial for comprehensively understan ding and potentially mitigating future conflicts.

IZVRŠNO FUNKCIONISANJE OBOLJELIH OD PARKINSONOVE BOLESTI / EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING OF PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Mihaela Daradan — 2025-11-19

In this paper, a systematic review of the published scientific literature is provided, and the connection between pathological changes at the level of executive functioning of patients with Parkinson’s disease is discussed. Executive functioning is often the subject of research in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), from the earliest to advanced stages of the disease. Much of the contemporary empirical literature indicates the presence of executive deficits in PD patients. The study aimed at answering three questions: how is executive functioning measured in PD patients, does executive dysfunction occur consistently in all PD patients, and at what stage does the disease manifest itself, and the type of link between executive dysfunction and the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. A total of 40 scientific studies were analysed, including 2 meta-analytic studies and 35 correlative and experimental studies with a sample of PD patients and a healthy, control group, and three studies with pre-diagnosed samples of subjects. The studies examined global executive functioning, but also individual executive functions in patients with PD, compared to the healthy population. The findings of the study indicate that researchers approach the operationalization of executive function constructs and their measurement in different ways, which makes it difficult to draw general conclusions about the researched phenomenon. The results of this review suggest that executive dysfunction in PD patients occurs from I to V stages of the disease, according to the criteria of the Hoehn-Yahr scale for the assessment of Parkinson’s disease. Executive deficits in patients worsen during the development of the primary diagnosis, that is, with the worsening of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD.

POSLJEDNJI POZDRAV PROFESORU ALEKSANDRU DONEU

Safet Kešo — 2025-11-19

In memoriam.